Soal Explanation Text

A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care.    

Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.              

In many part of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.       

When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames.  

The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighborhoods before being controlled.

1. What can possibly prevent rivers and lakes from overflowing?  

A. An absorbent bed.    

B. A rocky surrounding.

C. A low land.    

D. A high bank  

E. A high road.

2. We know from the text that .    

A. River can sweep heavy flood

B. People can make money from flood 

C. The destruction by flood is always less severe              

D. Water flood is absorbed by land         

E. Typhoons caused heavy flood

3. We know from the text that . . . .             

A. The pump is the only tool used by fire fighters now   

B. The pump helps people to fight fires more efficiently               

C. Fires in big cities are always very big  

D. People no longer use buckets to control fire 

E. Only firemen can control fires in crowded cities

Tsunami

Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

A tsunami washes ashore with oftendisastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning and damage to property.

A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very large.

4. Tsunami happens because ....

A. The displaced rock pushes water above it

B. A major fault under the ocean floor slips suddenly

C. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the source

D. The waves moves across the ocean until they reach the beach

E. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean

5. What are the impacts of tsunami?

A. The part of the Earth’s crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor down to the land

B. A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as flooding and loss of lives

C. A tsunami is a very large sea wave which is not generated by a disturbance a long the ocean floor

D. A tsunami is detectable far out in the ocean

E. Once tsunami reaches shallow water, the wave never grows very large

 

6. We understand from the text that tsunami ....

A. Causes the movement of earth

B. Forms a new shape of coastline

C. Makes unfortunate event

D. Rises a new coastal land

E. Displaces rocks to land 

7. “... producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface.” The synonym of the underlined word is....

A. Fast

B. Deep

C. Quick

D. Strong

E. Weak